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Swing Trading vs Scalp Trading

Traders who swing trade use technical indicators to determine when to enter and exit the market more than they do the fundamentals. Position traders use fundamental analysis more to determine when to enter and exit the market. Swing traders often hold their positions for longer periods than day traders. They are inclined to hold and ride out any sudden short term market fluctuations or events. The main advantages of day trading are that it allows you to buy low and sell high in a short period of time. Day traders also monitor information frequently so they can react to sudden changes in the market.

  • Traders have to combine data together in order to formulate a good strategy for swing trading.
  • Short-term trading is a type of trading that involves buying and selling an asset within the same trading day.
  • Swing Traders are exposed to the risk of overnight price changes and weekend price gaps.
  • As a trader, Swing Trading is a comparatively better and safe choice to carry out trades.

To discover what is your business trading style, think about the market time frame that you prioritize. If you try to make money by rapidly buying and selling different stocks, you might be a “scalper”. Scalpers act quickly and constantly watch the intraday trading indicators.

Swing trading is used to profit from the market trend of securities. Swing traders mostly use temporary price movements to make small profits that cumulate over a long time to yield large gains. However, traders run the risk of overnight price fluctuation of securities and the inability to sell them.

Strategies based on short-term price movements of securities. In scalping, traders enter into multiple trades during a trading session where they hold securities for a very short time spanning a few seconds or minutes. However, in swing trading, the traders keep their position open from a few days to several tradeallcrypto weeks before exiting a trade. In terms of timeframe, patience required, and potential returns, swing trading falls between day trading and trend trading. Swing traders use technical analysis and charts which display price actions, helping them locate the best points of entry and exit for profitable trades.

Swing Trading vs Position Trading – The 3 key differences

While there are many swing trading strategies available out there to swing trade, some tend to work out better over the longer term. Good return on investment – With a good strategy and proper risk management, swing trading can be very profitable. By being consistent with their strategy, investors can make reasonably good returns from swing trading.

scalping vs swing trading

Traders have to combine data together in order to formulate a good strategy for swing trading. Therefore, it is prone to experience all the noise of the market which is very overwhelming and exhausting. Scalp trading is one of the most exciting trading strategies.

Which is Better: Swing Trading or Scalping?

The number of day trades performed must represent more than 6% of all trades within that account for any given full business week period. Given the sheer volume of daily trades, scalping is ideally paired with automated crypto trading bots. Manual trading is a fool’s game, especially so when engaging in crypto scalping. Technical AnalysisTechnical analysis is the process of predicting the price movement of tradable instruments using historical trading charts and market data. Scalpers often make trades within just a few seconds of each other, and often in opposite directions. Scalping is a rapid trading style that is best suited to traders who can make instant decisions.

scalping vs swing trading

The amount of time each type of trader invests in trading reflects these basic views of trading. Swing traders commonly apply their chosen indicators to daily or weekly charts. A major benefit of scalping is how the method can be used in any environment. Swing trading is difficult when the market is compressed in a tiny range, such as the https://forexhero.info/ one we have been trading in for the last few months. Scalping on the other hand works all the time, as low time frame moves happen even when the high timeframe direction is sideways. Scalping, on the other hand, requires so much time commitment, as the trader has to constantly monitor his trading screen all through the trading session.

Nevertheless, these zones can be a gamechanger for swing traders as they can know the point of the reverse of the trend. It is a solid basis of price action for buying or selling securities for traders. Volume discloses the actual strength of the ongoing trend of a security. As per convention, if the trend’s volume is high, it is more robust than a trend with a weak volume. Position TradingPosition trading is a strategy in which a trading position is held for a long period in order to achieve a profit goal.

Scalp vs Swing Trades

Traders who employ this strategy tend to open and close positions quickly, usually within minutes or even seconds. Scalpers rely on the ability to make money off of small price movements and are not concerned with holding their positions for longer periods of time. In the most general terms, it is a style of trading in the financial markets that focuses on identifying the cyclical nature of price movements. This approach assumes that each trend consists of several up and down phases.

scalping vs swing trading

This happens when there is there are earnings reports or other market news during the after-hours market or over the weekend. The risk caused by these gaps is that they render a trader’s stop loss useless. Investing infintech stocksis a smart investment move today. For beginners swing trading is an excellent trading strategy.

Whereas, scalp traders need to carry out multiple successful trades to win the same amount of profit. Understanding which trading style will go well with the trader’s investment goal might not be as easy as it sounds. Many beginners will test and try multiple strategies and trading styles in order to understand go markets forex broker introduction which one suits the most. The trading style they choose will have a profound effect on their trading outcomes and profitability. Technical indicators help traders to forecast market trends and predict patterns. Generally, the best scalping indicators are combined to work for a successful scalping strategy.

Swings are the complete opposite, it’s longer exposure to risk and to the changes in the market. The flawless in and out strategy by SupremeCommerce Training will help you to predict your scalps a whole lot better. You’ll have a higher win rate than swings with in and out strategy. Swing trades are great for those who are beginning with trading to those who are advanced with trading. The level of stress between both trades differ, scalps are a higher stress level than swings which is moderate.

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This applies to all types of securities including options, and cash accounts often limit day trades from occurring. Prableen Bajpai is the founder of FinFix and Analytics Private Limited. She has 10+ years of experience as a finance, cryptocurrency, and trading strategy expert. Price ChangePrice change in finance is the difference between the initial and final values of an asset, security, or commodity over a particular trading period. Usually, when the securities go beyond the support or resistance level, the situation is preceded by a low volume of trade. Therefore, in this situation, the volume of trading increases manifold.

However, with algorithmic trading, anyone can set up a scalping trade robot. Trend Continuation Trading Strategy – For the swing trader, continuation gaps are one of the favorite ways to play the market. Usually, these gaps occur after an earnings report that beats expectations.

A scalper usually targets 10 pips, 20 pips where a swing trader targets for 100, 200 or 500 pips. However, the target is dependent on the market conditions and the characteristics of the trend. The scalpers take lots of trade within a day, but swing traders take only one or two. Conversely, the scalper sells when the spread is wider than usual, with the ask higher and the bid lower than it should be.

Scalping vs. Swing Trading: An Overview

Ensure you are familiar with FINRA regulations that dictate limitations on your margin account, equity requirements, and trading capacity. Scalping and swing trading are two of the more popular short-term investing strategies employed by traders. Many participate in the stock markets—some as investors, others as traders.

Trading experience

INVESTMENT BANKING RESOURCESLearn the foundation of Investment banking, financial modeling, valuations and more. In this example, let us assume a company, XYZ, with the candlestick stock chart as shown below. Fibonacci Retracement Strategy – Traders all over the world use Fibonacci retracement tools to find a level to get involved in the market. The three most common levels are 38.2%, 50%, and 61.8% retracements.

Scalp trading, on the other hand, is a method of trading in which investors attempt to make numerous profits on small price changes. Scalpers work quickly, and sometimes trades are made within minutes of each other! It’s quick and demands high energy, so if you have trouble concentrating on one task at a time or often find yourself caught up in daydreams, you might struggle with scalping. A swing trading strategy might look to generate profits from a $2 stock price increase that materializes over a period of several trading days. So we’ve analyzed scalping vs day trading vs swing trading and position trading. If you are just starting out as a trader, scalping is generally a good way to start.

There are all sorts of other strategies out there for you to explore as well. These are just a few of the questions you’ll need to ask yourself before deciding. Let’s compare and contrast the unique differences these styles have to help you make the right choice – starting with profits. A day trade occurs when a single security is bought and sold within a margin account on the same day.

Compounding effects can make this strategy immensely profitable if you have the time. A swing trader can even do their trading part time while keeping his full-time job. They trade on the daily timeframe which prints new data at the end of each trading day, so they have a full day to consider the implication of the data before new data are printed. Scalpers trade on the lowest timeframe and can have new data printed every minute, so the decision-making time is short. Usually, the trades can stay open for a few days but can last up to some weeks, depending on when the price swing you are trying to ride ends.

Profit expectation per trade

Because swing traders hold their positions longer than “intraday” traders, they also run the risk of greater losses. The risk of loss is especially increased by holding a position every other day. In swing trading, there is no need to make decisions in real-time or quickly. That’s why this method is popular with part-time traders; they can use their lunch hour to check the markets, for example. But an effective swing trading strategy requires patience, as the timing of holding an asset can fluctuate considerably. Therefore, it is not the best choice for people who are nervous in stressful situations.

Investors need not worry about tieing their capital for long. In case a trade goes bad, they can easily liquidate their assets and invest in another trade. Be carefull, trading forex is also a bit different than the other ones.

However, many day traders will tell you that they prefer day trading over scalping since day trading may not involve opening as many trades in a day as scalping might. Another key difference between scalping and swing trading is the number of opportunities. For a swing trader, good opportunities are rarer, and missing out on a strong move can mean you have to wait for a while.

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What is Nostro Account-Vostro and Loro Account

Typically, this is related to international trade and financial transactions. In interbank transactions, foreign exchange is transferred from one account to another account and from one country to another. When a bank remits its foreign currency fund to a foreign bank for credit to an account of a third bank it is called a Loro account.

As an agent of the domestic bank, the correspondent bank is authorized to carry out sure agreed-upon financial transactions, acting as a fiduciary in the relationship. Vostro accounts allow home banks to provide international banking providers to their purchasers who have international banking needs. Nostro accounts differ from standard demand deposit financial institution accounts in that they’re normally held by monetary institutions, and they are denominated in foreign currency. “Nostro” and “Vostro” are two totally different phrases used to explain the identical checking account. The terms are used when one bank has another financial institution’s money on deposit, typically in relation to international buying and selling or other monetary transactions. A vostro account is a vital part of correspondent banking by which a overseas bank offers monetary services on behalf of a domestic financial institution.

Save taxes with ClearTax by investing in tax saving mutual funds online. Our experts suggest the best funds and you can get high returns by investing directly or through SIP. It is most used in settlement of foreign exchanges or foreign trade. Therefore, Banks generally use Nostro Account to make any transaction with other parties in a foreign country where there is no physical presence, and in foreign currency.

nostro vostro loro

Since that date, one nostro for the entire eurozone has been adequate. For example, when an Indian bank maintains its US$ account in a bank in the USA it is called a Nostro account of the Indian bank. So, it can be said that a current account of an Indian Bank or a dealer in a foreign country in the local currency of that country is termed as Nostro account. According to the mechanism finalised by the RBI, banks of partner countries can approach authorised dealer banks in India for opening special rupee vostro accounts. The authorised dealer bank will then have to seek approval from the central bank with details of such an arrangement. The Reserve Bank of India has allowed the opening of nine special vostro accounts in two Indian Banks for the settlement of payments in rupee for trade between India and Russia.

Nostro account refers to an account that a domestic bank holds in a foreign currency in a foreign bank, frequently used to facilitate foreign exchange and trade transactions. An intermediary financial institution is required when sending a fee in a forex that isn’t the domestic forex of the vacation spot that the funds are being sent to. International wire transfers typically happen between banks that wouldn’t have a longtime financial relationship.

Expert Assisted Services

Vostro accounts are usually held by a overseas bank in our country . To keep away from this charge, you should use those world famous banks, most of them could make direct international wire switch, and there’ll no third bank cost happen. Despite the obvious strikes to make immediate world money transfers a reality, many obstacles have but to be overcome. A Vostro account is just like any other ordinary account from the domestic bank’s perspective as it is denoted in domestic currency payable on demand.

nostro vostro loro

Then India’s liability becomes rouble 10.1 lakh as the exchange rate is 1.1. An middleman financial institution is required when sending a cost in a currency that’s not the home foreign money of the destination that the funds are being despatched to. Some banks might hold checks that whole $1,500 or greater for as many as 10 days. The number of days the financial institution holds these checks is determined by your relationship with the institution. A Vostro account is defined as an account that a correspondent bank holds on behalf of another bank.

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Now, when the Indian Bank deposits the AU$ in its Nostro Account, the Australian Bank credits the Nostro Account of the Indian Bank. Similarly, when the Indian Banks makes the payment from its Nostro A/C, the Australian Bank debits the Nostro A/C of the Indian Bank. It is also expected to enable trade with sanction-hit nations such as Russia. Nostro and vostro are derived from Latin words that mean “ours” and “yours,” respectively. India and Russia are now exploring to directly trade in rupee-ruble.

Therefore in order to put through the foreign exchange transaction, the bank which is authorized to deal in foreign exchange, maintains an account with its overseas Bank to keep stocks of foreign currencies. Normally, such account is a current account in the books of the overseas Bank. So the ‘Nostro Account’ of the Indian bank with its branch/correspondents in USA is said as ‘Our Accounts with You’. A vostro account is an account a correspondent financial institution holds on behalf of one other bank. These accounts are an important side of correspondent banking in which the bank holding the funds acts as custodian for or manages the account of a foreign counterpart.

If a rustic had been to leave the eurozone, either voluntarily or involuntarily, banks would need to re-set up nostros in that nation in its new foreign money in order to continue making funds. A nostro account refers to an account that a financial institution holds in a international foreign money in another financial institution. Nostros, a term derived from the Latin phrase for “ours,” are frequently used to facilitate international change and trade transactions.

What is nostro and vostro account with example?

The reverse time period “vostro accounts,” derived from the Latin word for “yours,” is how a financial institution refers to the accounts that different banks have on its books in its house forex. From the attitude of domestic banks, the funds deposited at correspondent banks are referred to as nostro accounts. Nostro accounts are denominated in the foreign foreign money of the correspondent financial institution. The term vostro translated from Latin means “yours,” as in your account. From the overseas correspondent financial institution’s perspective, the funds held on behalf of other banks are known as vostro accounts and are denominated within the native foreign money. Vostro account services embody executing wire transfers, performing foreign trade transactions, enabling deposits and withdrawals, and expediting international trade.

  • For instance when an Indian financial institution maintains a ₹ account of a bank/department of the USA in India.
  • So, in case of imports, the Indian company has to pay in a foreign currency (mainly dollars and could also include currencies like pounds, Euro, yen etc.).
  • Despite the obvious strikes to make immediate world money transfers a reality, many obstacles have but to be overcome.
  • It is an account held by a bank that allows the customers to deposit money on behalf of another bank.

A Loro account is a combination of an ordinary and a Nostro account. Let us take an example ofa student seeking admission to a university abroad. That particular student has a bank account with Bank of Baroda and the university has an nostro vostro loro account with Wells Fargo. Geographical boundaries are no more a limitation to interbank transactions with Nostro, Vostro and Loro accounts. For example when an Indian bank maintains a ₹ account of a bank/branch of the USA in India.

Learning a bank procedure gets difficult especially when you are dealing with foreign exchanges. It has been 4 years my cousin is in America and precious month only I learnt the Loro account meaning. However if you too want to know what it is, be sure that you have understood the meaning of Nostro and Vostro as well. I will be glad to help you understand https://1investing.in/ since it seemed a bit tricky to me as well and I would appreciate others adding up to this to enlighten us all. Just upload your form 16, claim your deductions and get your acknowledgment number online. You can efile income tax return on your income from salary, house property, capital gains, business & profession and income from other sources.

Intermediary banks send money to complete overseas transactions, but the transactions are only for one currency. Usually, in this occasion, a domestic bank is just too small to handle international transfers, so it reaches out to an intermediary bank. The correspondent bank can execute a variety of transactions on behalf of the home financial institution.

NOSTRO, VOSTRO AND LORO ACCOUNT

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The Vostro account is held in the forex of the country the place the cash is on deposit. When funds are wired between a home and a foreign bank that wouldn’t have a direct relationship, a correspondent financial institution acts because the monetary intermediary within the transaction. To facilitate the wire, the originator of the transfer sends the amount of the wire plus applicable charges to the vostro account held on its behalf by the correspondent financial institution. Vostro account services include executing wire transfers, performing foreign exchange transactions, enabling deposits and withdrawals, and expediting international trade. A nostro account refers to an account that a bank holds in a foreign currency in another bank. The opposite term “vostro accounts,” derived from the Latin word for “yours,” is how a bank refers to the accounts that other banks have on its books in its home currency.

Once the money is received in State Bank’s Nostro account the Indian company would be informed and their account will get credited for the same. So, the importance of Nostro Account lies in doing international trades in foreign currency i.e. a local currency to the other party. Vostro account refers to an account that a foreign bank holds in INR in a bank that is based in India. Indian exporters using the mechanism will be paid the export proceeds in INR from the balances in the designated Special Vostro account of the correspondent bank of the partner country. It is an account held by a bank that allows the customers to deposit money on behalf of another bank. A Nostro Account is nothing but a bank account that a commercial bank creates in some other foreigh country with the currency of a foreign country only.

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Fundamental Analysis: Principles, Types, and How to Use It

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There are tons of analysis available on the web which you can start with. A great idea is to read an overview of different industries to get familiar with how those economic sectors work. Doing so will teach you what drives the price of the stocks of companies operating there. SeekingAlpha, for example, is a great starting place and a source of invaluable industry analysis and reports.

indicators

It is used to compute whether any security or stock is undervalued or overvalued. FA can be performed on any security, bond, stock, derivative, or even a company to comprehend its position and value in the economy and financial markets. A 2018research studyby Raúl Navas, Ana Paula Matias Gama, and Sónia R. Bentes investigates the significance of FA in understanding the worth of a company. The study concludes that the investors can use FA scores to create a portfolio that is likely to yield them remarkable returns within a year or two.

TRADING NEWS AND ANALYSIS

Stock trading involves buying and selling shares of publicly traded companies. It typically happens in the United States on exchanges like the New York Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq stock market. Vice versa, while a bottom-up approach focuses on the fundamentals of investments, investors still want to consider systematic effects on individual holdings before making a decision.

Full BioMichael Boyle is an experienced https://traderoom.info/ professional with more than 10 years working with financial planning, derivatives, equities, fixed income, project management, and analytics. OANDA Corporation ULC accounts are available to anyone with a Canadian bank account. A brochure describing the nature and limits of coverage is available upon request or at Learn to apply risk management tools to preserve your capital. For instance, a particular nation may be heavily reliant on one specific sector such as agriculture or energy.

Corporate governance is a set of procedures and rules within the company that define the relationship between management, the board of directors and shareholders. It is spelled out in the founding documents and various regulations. You probably want to deal with an ethical company that does business openly, honestly and efficiently. Pay particular attention to how much the company respects and values shareholder rights and interests.

Validea’s Top 5 Health Care Stocks Based On Peter Lynch – 4/19/2023 – Nasdaq

Validea’s Top 5 Health Care Stocks Based On Peter Lynch – 4/19/2023.

Posted: Wed, 19 Apr 2023 15:00:00 GMT [source]

Buy and sell signals are genefundamental analysis approachd when a shorter duration moving average crosses a longer duration one. Fundamental analysis and technical analysis are the major schools of thought when it comes to approaching the markets. Viktor has an MSc in Financial Markets and years of investing experience.

Quantitative Analysis

Yarilet Perez is an experienced multimedia journalist and fact-checker with a Master of Science in Journalism. She has worked in multiple cities covering breaking news, politics, education, and more. Her expertise is in personal finance and investing, and real estate. In practice, the combination of these two methods is often used. These methods complement each other well, and their simultaneous application provides a complete picture and understanding of the overall market situation.

For example, say that a company’s stock was trading at $20, and after extensive research on the company, an analyst determines that it ought to be worth $24. Another analyst does equal research but decides it should be worth $26. Most public—and many private—companies list annual reports on the investor relation sections of their websites, highlighting financial decisions made and results achieved throughout the year. Fundamental analysis examines key drivers such as macro and micro economic data, and geopolitical events.

A Fundamental Analysis is executed based on current and historical financial data and backgrounds of a company. A profit and loss statement gives information about a business’s revenues, expenses, and profits for a certain period. We have prepared for you a comparative description of each of the two common types of fundamental analysis.

  • Methodologywise, the trader can opt to use different approaches as part of the fundamental analysis of a stock.
  • On the other hand, technical analysis assumes the market price is already correct and instead attempts to forecast future prices by looking at historical price and volume data.
  • They might include the quality of a company’s key executives, brand-name recognition, patents, and proprietary technology.
  • It shows undervalued and overvalued companies in relation to the company’s potential earnings, as well as the payback period and proportionality of earnings.

It looks at dividends paid, operating cash flow, new equity issues and capital financing. The earnings estimates and growth rate projections published widely by Thomson Reuters and others can be considered either “fundamental” or “technical” based on perception of their validity. Coca-Cola has more debt than equity, but it also generates more returns using its assets than the rest of the industry. The company doesn’t have as much liquidity as other companies, but it seems the industry hovers on pretty low quick ratios.

It’s Your Turn

Find reviews and articles from established publications and websites, and look at social media. A tool like StocksToTrade can help you find the news and filings for a company on one platform. Corporate governance is a set of practices and processes – a regulatory framework for monitoring companies for relevant interest groups – its stakeholders – determined by the supervisory board and owners. Assets – resources a company owns or controls at a given time, including cash, inventory, machinery, or real estate.

The intrinsic value of the shares is determined on the basis of these sub-analyses. If the intrinsic value is higher than the market price, it is advisable to sell the share. If the price is equal to the market price of the share, it is advisable to keep the share and if this is below the market price, the best option is to sell the share.

Its validity depends on the length of time analysts believe the growth will continue and on the reasonableness of future estimates compared to earnings growth in the past years . IGAR models can be used to impute expected changes in growth from current P/E and historical growth rates for the stocks relative to a comparison index. Technical analysts use graphs to find patterns and anomalies formed by the share’s price and trading volume, which they interpret as buy or sell signals.

Fundamental Analysis for Traders

As we’ve seen, bottom-up investing starts with an individual company’s financials and then adds increasingly more macro layers of analysis. By contrast, a top-down investor will first examine various macro-economic factors to see how these factors may affect the overall market, and therefore the stock they are interested in investing in. They will analyzegross domestic product , the lowering or raising ofinterest rates,inflation, and the price ofcommoditiesto see where thestock marketmay be headed. They will also look at the performance of the overall sector or industry.

factors

Fundamental analysis dives deep into a company’s business model. Analysts read through financial statements, industry forecasts, and economic articles. This helps them assess how a particular company might perform … They also look at the company’s market sector and the broader economy. Depending on the approach, they either initially analyze the overall state of the economy and then define the assets, or focus on each company’s financial performance first.

What Are the Tools for Fundamental Analysis?

Neither qualitative nor quantitative analysis is inherently better. They might include the quality of a company’s key executives, brand-name recognition, patents, and proprietary technology. Fundamental analysis relies on financial information reported by the company whose stock is being analyzed.

Guru Fundamental Report for NFLX – Peter Lynch – Nasdaq

Guru Fundamental Report for NFLX – Peter Lynch.

Posted: Thu, 20 Apr 2023 12:06:00 GMT [source]

The amount of debt a company possesses is also a major consideration in determining its financial leverage and its health. This is meaningful because a company can reach higher earnings (and this way a higher return on equity and higher P/E ratio) simply by increasing the amount of net debt. This can be quickly assessed using the debt-to-equity ratio, the current ratio (current assets/current liabilities) and the return on capital employed . The choice of stock analysis is determined by the investor’s belief in the different paradigms for “how the stock market works”. An interesting measurement is how much revenue one employee generates.

When interest rates are low, businesses borrow money cheaply and cost of capital reduces. Investors are eager to invest in companies with high profitability. Next he targets a regional analysis of companies in which he pays attention to the total sales, price level, the effect of rival products and foreign competition. Qualitative fundamental analysis focuses on less tangible company or market data. For example, the quality of business management, brand awareness, intellectual property, and more. Because these two types of fundamental analysis are very different, it’s hard to say which one is more valuable.

Validea Peter Lynch Strategy Daily Upgrade Report – 4/19/2023 – Nasdaq

Validea Peter Lynch Strategy Daily Upgrade Report – 4/19/2023.

Posted: Wed, 19 Apr 2023 09:31:00 GMT [source]

Bottom-up investing is an investment approach that focuses on analyzing individual stocks and de-emphasizes the significance of macroeconomic and market cycles. In other words, bottom-up investing typically involves focusing on a specific company’s fundamentals, such as revenue or earnings, versus the industry or the overall economy. The bottom-up investing approach assumes individual companies can perform well even in an industry that is underperforming, at least on a relative basis. This guide will explain what fundamental analysis is, how it works, give examples, compare it to technical analysis, as well as highlight differences between qualitative and quantitative fundamental factors. An investor who follows the top-down approach starts the analysis with the consideration of the health of the overall economy.

The data is recorded on financial statements such as quarterly and annual reports and filings like the 10-Q or 10-K . The 8-K is also informative because public companies must file it any time a reportable event occurs, like an acquisition or upper-level management change. Forex and CFD prices are impacted by macro and micro-economic data, geo-political events and their linkages. These factors may include for example, GDP growth rates, potentially disruptive geopolitical events, employment statistics, interest rates, and balance of trade reports among others. Trading on the fundamentals – also referred to as trading the news – is the study of news events and economic statistics to determine trading opportunities.